Preventing Abuse of Pain Medication

January 27, 2010 By Leave a Comment

Although most patients use medications as directed, abuse of and addiction to prescription drugs are public health problems for many Americans. Patients, pharmacists, and health care providers all play a role in preventing and detectingprescription drug abuse.

When treating pain, health care providers have long wrestled with a dilemma:

How to adequately relieve a patient’s suffering while avoiding the potential for that patient to become addicted to pain medication?

Many doctors underprescribe painkillers because they overestimate the potential for patients to become addicted to medications such as morphine and codeine. Although these drugs carry a heightened risk of addiction, research has shown that providers’ concerns that patients will become addicted to pain medication are largely unfounded. This fear of prescribing opioid pain medications is known as “opiophobia.”

Most patients who are prescribed opioids for pain, even those undergoing long-term therapy, do not become addicted. The few patients who do develop rapid and marked tolerance for and addiction to opioids usually have a history of psychological problems or prior substance abuse. In fact, studies have shown that abuse potential of opioid medications is generally low in healthy, nondrug-abusing volunteers. One study found that only 4 out of about 12,000 patients who were given opioids for acute pain became addicted. In a study of 38 chronic pain patients, most of whom received opioids for 4 to 7 years, only 2 became addicted, and both had a history of drug abuse.

The issues of underprescription of opioids and the suffering of millions of patients who don’t receive adequate pain relief has led to the development of guidelines for pain treatment. This may help bring an end to underprescribing, but alternative forms of pain control are still needed. NIDA-funded scientists continue to search for new ways to control pain and to develop new pain medications that are effective but don’t have the potential for addiction.

Assessing Prescription Drug Abuse: Four Simple Questions

  • Have you ever felt the need to cut down on your use of prescription drugs?
  • Have you ever felt annoyed by remarks your friends or loved ones made about your use of prescription drugs?
  • Have you ever felt guilty or remorseful about your use of prescription drugs?
  • Have you ever used prescription drugs as a way to “get going” or to “calm down?”

    Role Of Patients

    There are several ways that patients can prevent prescription drug abuse.

  • When visiting the doctor, provide a complete medical history and a description of the reason for the visit to ensure that the doctor understands the complaint and can prescribe appropriate medication.
  • If a doctor prescribes medicine, follow the directions for use carefully and learn about the effects that the drug could have, especially during the first few days during which the body is adapting to the medication.
  • Be aware of potential interactions with other drugs.
  • Do not increase or decrease doses or abruptly stop taking a drug without consulting a health care provider first.
  • Never use another person’s prescription.

    Role Of Pharmacists

    Pharmacists play a role in preventing prescription drug misuse and abuse by:

  • Explaining how to take a medication appropriately.
  • Providing clear information about the effects the medication may have.
  • Providing advice about any possible drug interactions. They can also help prevent prescription fraud or diversion by looking for false or altered prescriptions.

    Role Of Health Care Providers

    Health care providers are in a unique position not only to prescribe needed medications appropriately, but also:

  • Identify prescription drug abuse when it exists.
  • Help the patient recognize the problem.
  • Set goals for recovery, and seek appropriate treatment when necessary. Screening for any type of substance abuse can be incorporated into routine history taking with questions about what prescriptions and over-the-counter drugs the patient is taking and why. Screening also can be performed if a patient presents with specific symptoms associated with problem use of a substance.Over time, providers should note any rapid increases in the amount of a drug needed – which may indicate the development of tolerance – or frequent requests for refills before the quantity prescribed should have been used. They should also be alert to the fact that those addicted to prescription medications may engage in “doctor shopping,” moving from provider to provider in an effort to get multiple prescriptions for the drug they abuse.

    Preventing or stopping prescription drug abuse is an important part of patient care. However, health care providers should not avoid prescribing painkillers, if they are needed.

    • By Carol & Richard Eucstice

    Filed Under: Addictin Drug Treatment, Drug Detox, Drugs, Pain Medicine Tagged With: , , , , , , ,

    Oxycodone Addiction

    January 21, 2010 By 1 Comment

    Oxycodone is a narcotic pain reliever used to treat moderate to severe pain. It comes in many brand names such as OxyContin and Roxicodone. When oxycodone is combined with acetaminophen its brand names include Percocet, Roxicet and Endocet. When it is combined with aspirin its brand names include Percodan, Roxiprin and Endodan. When it is combined with ibuprofen its brand names include Combunox. Oxycodone is a schedule II drug and it poses a high risk for addiction, especially when abused. It’s pain-relieving effects and side effects are similar to morphine.

    What Causes an Oxycodone Addiction? The main cause of an oxycodone addiction is abuse. When a person who is prescribed this drug takes more than prescribed or a person who is not prescribed this drug takes it, they put themselves at risk for addiction. In some cases, a person who takes this drug as prescribed for a prolonged period of time may become addicted to oxycodone. Peer pressure and mental illness can also increase a person’s chance of becoming addicted to oxycodone because it may make them more vulnerable to abusing this drug. Having a family history of drug abuse, specifically oxycodone abuse, can make a person more vulnerable to addiction. Patients who experience chronic pain may be more vulnerable to oxycodone addiction because they may take more than prescribed in an effort to try and decrease their pain.

    Signs and Symptoms of Oxycodone Addiction- When a person becomes addicted to oxycodone they may present with certain abnormal behaviors. This drug often causes a euphoric effect so those who are addicted may seem abnormally happy and carefree often. They may also take more risks and seem to not care about consequences. They may also present drug-seeking behavior when they need more oxycodone. When an oxycodone addict does not have the drug they will most likely experience withdrawal symptoms. Oxycodone withdrawal symptoms can include diarrhea, rapid breathing, abdominal cramps, crying, loss of appetite, runny nose, muscle aches, hyperactivity, cold and hot flashes, agitation, tremors, dilated pupils, fever and increased heart rate.

    Dangers and complications of oxycodone addiction- Oxycodone can be a dangerous drug when abused. Abuse leads to addiction, which can cause a variety of complications including death. If a person takes too much of the drug they may fall into a coma, suffer heart failure, respiratory failure, kidney failure or if taking a form of oxycodone that is combined with acetaminophen, liver failure or liver toxicity.

    Coping with and overcoming an oxycodone addiction- most people suffering from an oxycodone addiction will not be able to stop by themselves. They will need help from their friends and families. If a person is prescribed oxycodone and has become addicted to it, they need to talk to the doctor who prescribed them the medication. Their doctor can then help wean them off the oxycodone and switch them to a medication they will not become addicted to. If the person was not prescribed oxycodone or if they are heavily addicted they will most likely need to go to rehab. Some people will benefit from outpatient rehab, but most may need inpatient rehab so that they can be monitored and treated 24 hours a day. Many addicts will relapse a time or two so it is important that they continue to get help even after they complete a rehab program. After-rehab programs, such as narcotics anonymous, can help addicts remain clean as well as help anyone who relapses quickly recover from their relapse.

    by Lisa Simmons

    Filed Under: Addictin Drug Treatment, Drugs, oxycotton detox, Recovery Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

    The Benefits of Inpatient Detox

    November 13, 2009 By Leave a Comment

    Inpatient detox is the best solution for anyone who has an addiction to drugs or alcohol.  I have tried more than once to attend an outpatient detox and the results were not positive for my family or me.  There are many detox centers and drug rehabs that will try to convince you that their services will help you and that they are the best choice.  Very few drug abusers succeed when they choose an outpatient detox because there is a lack of structure and the addicted individual is left in their using environment.  This makes it very difficult to change behaviors and often times the temptation to use drugs is too great and the addict relapses.

    If you have been using pain medication, benzodiazepines, heroin or any other addictive street drugs than I suggest that you check into an inpatient detox center where you will receive 24 hour medical attention from a trained nursing staff.  It is essential to have the help of a doctor who can slowly wean you off of the addictive substance that you have in your body in a closed environment.  I know that for me the temptation of using drugs was too great when in an outpatient detox center.  I would begin to feel the slightest withdrawal symptoms and my mind would convince me that I could use just one more time to help myself through the detox.  Of course this was part of my sick thinking as an addict not only our bodies become ill but our minds as well.  Inpatient detox’s are equipped to handle people who are suffering from withdrawal symptoms and adjust their detox medication dosages accordingly.

    Inpatient detox is much more effective because of the daily structure and comprehensive medical care that is provided. Inpatient detox comes with round the clock nursing and physician assistance while in an outpatient detox program you can only see a doctor by appointment and you are on your own when you return home every evening. In addition to the lack of structure people in outpatient detox are exposed to the same elements as when they were using. In an inpatient detox program, the only people you see are approved by your therapist with your consent. Always look towards inpatient drug detox when looking to discontinue your drug use.

    There is hope! With the proper medical care and the right attitude anyone can get clean.  If you want it bad enough then nothing will stop you from achieving your goal.  Just remember to take each day at a time and that if I could do it so can you.

    Filed Under: Drug Detox, Drugs, Pain Medicine Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , ,

    Oxycotton Trend in Florida

    November 1, 2009 By 1 Comment

    The official name is OxyContin, but on the street it’s known as “oxycotton.”  Oxycotton has become quite the popular drug in South Florida these days.  Thanks to the easy access Florida Pain Clinics, oxycotton has reached the hands of many and has created a legal drug addicted society in Florida.

    When taken in pill form, OxyCotton is a slow-release narcotic prescribed for pain caused by cancer, severe arthritis, sickle cell disease, and nerve damage. The active ingredient in the drug is a morphine derivative, the same as that also found in Percodan.

    Oxycotton has become big on the street when resold by the drug dealers.  Drug addicts are crushing and snorting it and smoking it to get a powerful and fast high that many users say is better than heroin.

    Oxycotton has even grabbed a hold of many people that have never been addicted to a drug.  It is tricky and sneaky.  People start out taking oxycotton for pain relief and before they know it they are taking 50 pills per day.

    Oxycotton has created an entire slew of new drug addicts and has given the average recovered heroin addict an easy way to slide back into addiction.  If this is you then we only hope that you find a way to detox off this drug as soon as possible.

    You might try going to some Narcotics Anonymous meetings.  If you have insurance or a way to pay for detox seek out detox treatment as soon as possible.  If you do not have insurance or a way to pay then their are plenty of state detox and treatment facilities that will service you if you are willing.  Above all remember there is a way out and you do not have to stay addicted to oxycotton.

    Filed Under: Drug Detox, oxycotton detox, Pain Medicine Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , , ,